Pricing & profit articles

Practical writing on margin, markup, and the pricing decisions that actually move the needle.

Pricing fundamentals · 8 min read

Margin vs Markup: the difference, the math, and the $1,000 mistake

Why a 50% markup isn't a 50% margin, where the confusion comes from, and how to stop your pricing team and finance team from speaking different languages.

How-to · 6 min read

How to calculate profit margin (with worked examples)

Step-by-step: gross margin, contribution margin, net margin. When to use each, what they tell you, and the formula every small business owner should have memorized.

Pricing strategy · 5 min read

Keystone pricing: still the default in retail, and why

Doubling the wholesale cost is the oldest retail formula in the book. We break down where it works, where it breaks, and what to use instead.

Industry benchmarks · 7 min read

What is a good profit margin? Industry benchmarks by sector

Net and gross margin benchmarks for retail, SaaS, restaurants, construction, ecommerce, and more. What's normal in your industry, and what's actually healthy.

Pricing strategy · 9 min read

How to price a product: a 5-step guide with worked example

Cost-plus, competitive, and value-based pricing — combined into one workflow. With a worked example showing how a $7 price increase can triple a candle maker's profit.

Pricing fundamentals · 6 min read

Margin vs profit vs markup: the three are not the same

Three words that get used interchangeably in casual business talk, and shouldn't be. Here's the difference between them and how to stop confusing them.

Pricing fundamentals · 7 min read

Gross vs net margin: the difference, and why both matter

A 60% gross margin and a 5% net margin can describe the same business. Here's what goes in each, why both matter, and the trap that catches most ecommerce sellers.

Restaurant operations · 8 min read

How to calculate food cost percentage (and hit restaurant targets)

Food cost percentage is the foundation of restaurant pricing. Here's the formula, the industry targets by concept, and the gap between theoretical and actual.

Industry benchmarks · 10 min read

Profit margin by industry: 2026 benchmarks (SaaS, retail, restaurants)

Net and gross margin benchmarks for 13 industries. SaaS 20-35%, restaurants 3-9%, grocery 1-3%. Median and top-quartile data.

Industry deep dive · 9 min read

Restaurant profit margin 2026: benchmarks by type

Restaurant margins by type: fine dining 0-5%, fast casual 4-10%, QSR 5-12%. Food cost benchmarks and 5 improvement levers.

Industry deep dive · 8 min read

SaaS gross margin benchmark 2026: what good looks like

Best-in-class SaaS hits 80%+ gross margin. What counts as COGS, why AI is compressing margins, and what investors look for.

How-to · 9 min read

Break-even analysis: formula, examples & free calculator

How to calculate break-even units and revenue. Target-profit scenarios, margin of safety, and when the formula breaks down.

How-to · 8 min read

Contribution margin: formula, examples & how to use it

Contribution margin = price − variable cost. Why it matters more than gross margin for pricing decisions.

How-to · 7 min read

Margin to markup conversion: formula, chart & examples

Convert margin to markup with one formula. Full conversion chart from 10% to 80% and why mixing them up costs money.

How-to · 8 min read

Profit margin formula — gross, operating, net (with examples)

The three profit margin formulas with a worked $100,000 example. Plus what counts as COGS by industry.

How-to · 7 min read

Profit margin in Excel: formulas, templates & pricing sheet

Calculate margin and markup in Excel and Google Sheets. Pricing sheet template, fee/shipping additions, conditional formatting.

Pricing strategy · 7 min read

Cost-plus pricing: formula, examples & when to use it

How cost-plus pricing works, when it makes sense, and why it leaves money on the table for software and premium brands.

Pricing strategy · 8 min read

Value-based pricing: strategy, examples & when to use it

Set price by customer value, not seller cost. The 4-step process, common models (per-user, per-outcome, tiered), and when it works.

Pricing strategy · 8 min read

Psychological pricing: 8 techniques that actually work

Charm pricing, anchoring, tiered pricing, bundling. The 8 techniques backed by research, and the folklore that isn't.

Financial fundamentals · 7 min read

EBITDA margin: formula, industry benchmarks & what it means

EBITDA margin formula and industry benchmarks (SaaS 20-40%, retail 5-10%). How it differs from operating margin.

Financial fundamentals · 6 min read

Operating margin vs profit margin: the difference explained

Operating margin shows underlying business; net profit margin shows what reaches the owner. With formulas and worked example.

Growth strategy · 9 min read

How to increase profit margin: 12 tactics that actually work

12 tactics ordered by impact. Revenue moves (pricing, mix, discount discipline) and cost moves (suppliers, shrinkage, labor).

Industry deep dive · 9 min read

Ecommerce profit margin 2026: benchmarks & how to improve

Ecommerce margins by vertical, platform fees, the CAC trap, and 6 ways to improve net margin.